Quant Python

The First Principal Component of Returns

Premium
Difficulty

Asked at Headlands Technologies

Theory: Quant Python That Survives Review

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xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxx(xxxxxxx). xx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx x xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx.

xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx x xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx. xxxxx xx xx xxxx xxxxxx, xxxxxxx xxxxx, xx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx.

xxxxxxx xx x xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx: x xxxx xx ( x ) xxxx (xxxx), xxxx x xxxx xx ( x ) xxxxxx (xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxx). xxxxxx x xxxxx (xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx, xxxxx):

x. xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx ( xxxxx ). xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx ( x ) xxxx xxx xxxxxx xx ( x - x ):

[ xxxxx_{xx} = xxxx{x}{x - x} xxx_{x=x}^{x} (x_{xx} - xxx x_x)(x_{xx} - xxx x_x) ]

x. xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx ( x_x ) xx ( xxxxx ) xxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xx x xxxx xx ( x ) xxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxx, xx ( xxx_x x_{xx}^x = x ). x. xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx ( xxxxxx_x ): xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx ( x_x^xxx x ). x. xxxxx xx ( xxxxxx_x / xxxxxxxxxxxx{xx}(xxxxx) ), xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.

xxxx xxxxxxxxxx. xx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xx xx xxxx. xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxx. xx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx xx xx xxxxx x.x xx xxxxxxxx xxxxx, xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx.

xxxxxxxxx. x xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xx xxxxxx ( xx^{-x} ) xx xxx xxxxx xxxxx. xxxxxxxx xxx xx x xxxx xx x xxxxx.

xxxxx xx xx xxxx xxxxxx, xxxxxxx xxxxx: xxx xxxxx xx xx xxxx xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx.

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxx([
    [x.x, x.x, x.xx], [x.x, -x.x, x.xx], [x.x, -x.x, x.xx], [-x.x, -x.x, x.xx],
    [x.x, x.x, x.xx], [x.x, -x.x, -x.xx], [x.x, -x.x, x.xx], [-x.x, -x.x, -x.xx],
])
# ([x.xxxxxxxxxx, x.xxxxxxxxxx, x.xxxxxxxxxx], x.xxxxxxxxxx, x.xxxxxxxxxx)

xxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx ( x/x ) xxx xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx ( x/x ), xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx ( xxx = x.x ) xxxxxxxxxx. xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxx, ( x/xxxx{x} ). xxx xxxxxxxxxx xx ( xxxxx{x}{x}(x + xxxx) = xxxxx{x}{x} ), xxx xxx xxxxx xx ( (x + (x - x)xxx)/x = x/x ) xx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx ( xx/x ).

xxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxx([[x.x, x.x], [-x.x, -x.x], [x.x, x.x], [x.x, x.x], [-x.x, -x.x], [x.x, x.x]])
# ([x.xxxxxxxxxx, x.xxxxxxxxxx], x.xxxxxxxxxx, x.xxxxxxxxxx)

xxxxxxxxxxx

  • ( x xx x xx xx ) xxx ( x xx x xx xxx ). xxxxx xxx xxx ( x ) xxxxxxx, xxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx ( |x_{xx}| xx xxx ).
  • xx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx. xx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxxxxx xx x.
  • xxxx ( x xx x ), xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxx ( x.x,xxxxxx_x ) xx xxxxx xxxx, xx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx.
  • xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx ( x = xx ) xxx ( x = xxx ). xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx ( x(x^x x) ), xxx xxxx xxxxxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xx ( x(x^x) ), xx x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xx xxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx.

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Language: Python 3.12principal_component

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