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Quant Python

The First Principal Component of Returns

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xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xx x xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx. xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxx, xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx.

xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxx(xxxxxxx).

xxxxxxx xx x xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx: x xxxx xx ( x ) xxxx (xxxx), xxxx x xxxx xx ( x ) xxxxxx (xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxx). xxxxxx x xxxxx (xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx, xxxxx):

x. xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx ( xxxxx ). xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx ( x ) xxxx xxx xxxxxx xx ( x - x ):

[ xxxxx_{xx} = xxxx{x}{x - x} xxx_{x=x}^{x} (x_{xx} - xxx x_x)(x_{xx} - xxx x_x) ]

x. xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx ( x_x ) xx ( xxxxx ) xxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xx x xxxx xx ( x ) xxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxx, xx ( xxx_x x_{xx}^x = x ). x. xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx ( xxxxxx_x ): xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx ( x_x^xxx x ). x. xxxxx xx ( xxxxxx_x / xxxxxxxxxxxx{xx}(xxxxx) ), xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.

xxxx xxxxxxxxxx. xx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xx xx xxxx. xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxx. xx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx xx xx xxxxx x.x xx xxxxxxxx xxxxx, xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx.

xxxxxxxxx. x xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xx xxxxxx ( xx^{-x} ) xx xxx xxxxx xxxxx. xxxxxxxx xxx xx x xxxx xx x xxxxx.

xxxxx xx xx xxxx xxxxxx, xxxxxxx xxxxx: xxx xxxxx xx xx xxxx xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx.

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxx([
    [x.x, x.x, x.xx], [x.x, -x.x, x.xx], [x.x, -x.x, x.xx], [-x.x, -x.x, x.xx],
    [x.x, x.x, x.xx], [x.x, -x.x, -x.xx], [x.x, -x.x, x.xx], [-x.x, -x.x, -x.xx],
])
# ([x.xxxxxxxxxx, x.xxxxxxxxxx, x.xxxxxxxxxx], x.xxxxxxxxxx, x.xxxxxxxxxx)

xxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx ( x/x ) xxx xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx ( x/x ), xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx ( xxx = x.x ) xxxxxxxxxx. xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxx, ( x/xxxx{x} ). xxx xxxxxxxxxx xx ( xxxxx{x}{x}(x + xxxx) = xxxxx{x}{x} ), xxx xxx xxxxx xx ( (x + (x - x)xxx)/x = x/x ) xx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx ( xx/x ).

xxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxx([[x.x, x.x], [-x.x, -x.x], [x.x, x.x], [x.x, x.x], [-x.x, -x.x], [x.x, x.x]])
# ([x.xxxxxxxxxx, x.xxxxxxxxxx], x.xxxxxxxxxx, x.xxxxxxxxxx)

xxxxxxxxxxx

  • ( x xx x xx xx ) xxx ( x xx x xx xxx ). xxxxx xxx xxx ( x ) xxxxxxx, xxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx ( |x_{xx}| xx xxx ).
  • xx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx. xx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxxxxx xx x.
  • xxxx ( x xx x ), xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxx ( x.x,xxxxxx_x ) xx xxxxx xxxx, xx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx.
  • xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxx ( x = xx ) xxx ( x = xxx ). xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx ( x(x^x x) ), xxx xxxx xxxxxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xx ( x(x^x) ), xx x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xx xxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx.

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Language: Python 3.12principal_component

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