Trafigura

Trafigura traces directly to Marc Rich and Co. It was founded in 1993 by Claude Dauphin and other traders who came out of the Rich house, inheriting its arbitrage-driven approach to physical commodities. The group keeps a dual-city identity to match, with its legal group headquarters in Singapore but Geneva remaining the de facto European hub and home of its most prominent trading entity.

It sources, stores, blends, and ships crude, refined products, metals, and bulk commodities, and has built out a third arm in gas, power, and renewables. The trading model leans on infrastructure stakes, from oil distribution to smelters and terminals, and a dedicated asset-management arm, Galena, set up in 2003 to run paper-trading funds.