The Kelly Criterion

Finding an edge and sizing it are different problems, and the second has an exact answer when the bet repeats.

Why expected value is the wrong objective

Suppose a bet doubles your stake with probability 0.55 and loses it otherwise. Maximising expected wealth says stake everything, every time, because each bet has a positive expected value and a bigger stake scales it.

Follow that advice and you go bankrupt with probability 1. Any single loss ends you, and a loss arrives eventually.

The problem is that wealth compounds, so what accumulates is the product of the outcomes, not the sum. Products are governed by the average logarithm, and expected wealth is dominated by a vanishingly small set of paths that never lose, which nobody experiences.

The growth rate

Stake a fraction ff of the bankroll each time, winning bb per unit staked with probability pp. The long-run growth rate per bet is

The rest of this lesson is for subscribers

Unlock every lesson in Game Theory and Strategic Trading, and every other premium course.

Subscribe to continue

Test your knowledge

Questions are only available to subscribers.

Keep reading Game Theory and Strategic Trading

18 lessons in this course, and every other premium course, on one subscription.

  • Every lesson in all seven courses, with the worked examples and interactive simulators
  • Graded questions on every lesson, with explanations for the wrong answers as well as the right one
  • The trainers, timed assessments and brainteaser library that go with them