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OS & Memory

Copy-on-Write Page Counts

Premium
Difficulty

Asked at Tower Research Capital, Squarepoint Capital

Theory: C++ Internals

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Available in Python and C++. You are solving it in Python. Switch to C++

xxxxxxxxx xxxxx_xxxxx(xxxxxx, xxxx_xxxxx), xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx-xx-xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx, xxxxxx xxx xxxxx. xx xxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx, xxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxx.

xxxx() xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx, xxx x xxxxxxx xxxx x xx xx xxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx. xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxx-xxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxx. xxx xxxxx xxxxx xx x xxxx xxxxx, xxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xx xxxxxx. xxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx, xx xxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx. xxxx xx xxx xxxx-xxxx-xxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxx-xx-xxxx xxxxx.

xxx xxxxx_xxxxx(
    xxxxxx: xxxx[xxxxx[xxx, ...]],
    xxxx_xxxxx: xxx,
) -> xxxxx[xxx, xxx, xxx]: ...

xxxx xxxxx xx x xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxx, 'xxxx', 'xxxxx' xx 'xxxx'. xx xxxx xx xxx xxx-xxxx xxxxx ('xxxx', xxxxxxx).

xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxx xxxx_xxxxx xxxxx, xxxx xx xxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx. xxxx:

  • x xxxx, xxxxxx xxx xxxxx: xxx xxxxx xxxx x xxxx xx xxx xxxxxx'x xxxx xxxxx, xx xxxx xxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxx xxxxxx.
  • x xxxxx, xxxxxxx xxx xxxx: xx xxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xx xx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxx xxxx x xxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxx xx x xxxx. xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx.
  • xx xxxx, xxxxxxx: xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx.

xxxxxx x xxxx xxxx x xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxx xx xx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx, xxx x xxxxx xx xxxx xxxx x xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxx.

xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxx, xxx xxxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxx, xxxxx x xxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xx.

xxxxxxxx

xxxxx_xxxxx([('xxxx', x, x), ('xxxxx', x, x)], x)
# (x, x, x)

xxxxx_xxxxx([('xxxx', x, x), ('xxxxx', x, x), ('xxxxx', x, x)], x)
# (x, x, x)

xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx: xxx xxxxxxxxx, xxxx xxxxxx, xxxxx xxxx-xxxxx xxxxxxx. xxx xxxxx'x xxxxx xx xxxx x xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx, xx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx.

xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxx, xxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx xx xx. xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxx xxxx, xx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxx. x xxxx xxxxxx xx ( x ) xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxx ( x - x ) xxxxxx, xxxxx ( x ).

xxxxxxxxxxx

  • xx xx ( x xxxxx xx^x ) xxxxxx xxx xx xx ( xx^x ) xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx.
  • x xxxxx xxxxx xxxx xx ( x(x) ). xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxx xx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx' xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx.
  • xxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx.
  • xxxxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxx, (xxxxxx, xxxx_xxxxxx, xxxx_xxxxxx).

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Language:
Python 3.12C++23
count_pages
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