Final

Final has been doing high-frequency trading from Israel since 2001, which puts it ahead of most of the global names better known for it today. The firm grew out of an unusually broad scientific base: mathematics, physics, computer science, bioinformatics, and engineering all feed its algorithmic platform.

What sets it apart is treating compute scale as a competitive moat. Final runs a research-first identity in which an outsized computing estate, far larger than its size would suggest, supports a machine-learning HFT platform trading on dozens of exchanges across six continents. More than half of its research staff hold doctorates.