Atomic Counter Without a Mutex

x xxxxxxx-xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xx xxx xxx xxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx: xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xx, x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxx x xxxxxx. xxx x xxxxx xxxxxx x xxxx xxxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxx. xxx xxx xxx::xxxxxx<xxxx xxxx> xxx xxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxx: xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxx, xxx xx x xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx. xxx xxxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxx: xxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx.

xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx:

• xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx(xxx::xxxx_x xxxxxxxxxx): xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxx. xxxxxxxxxx >= x.
• xxxx xxxxxxxxx(xxx::xxxx_x xxxxxxxxx): xxxx x xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx % xxxxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx (xxx::xxxxxx_xxxxx_xxxxxxx). xxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxx xxx-xxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx. xxxx xx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxx xx xxxxx xxx xx xxx xxxx.
• xxxx xxxx xxxx() xxxxx: xxx xx xxx xxxxxx. xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxx xxxx xx x xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx (xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx); xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xx xxxxx.
• xxx::xxxxxx<xxxx xxxx> xxxxxxxxxxx() xxxxx: xxx xxx-xxxxx xxxxxx, xx xxxxx xxxxx. xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx().

xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xx xxx xxx xxxxx xxxx (xxxxxxx(xx)), xx xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx: xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx x xxxx xxxxx xxxx-xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxx. xxxx xxxx xxx::xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx, xx xxx::xxxxxx<xxx::xxxxxx<xxxx xxxx>> xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx; xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx xxxx.

xxxxxxxx

[]{
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx(x);
    xxx::xxxxxx<xxx::xxxxxx> xxxxxxx;
    xxx (xxx x = x; x < x; ++x) {
        xxxxxxx.xxxxxxx_xxxx([&xxxxxxx, x] {
            xxx (xxx x = x; x < xxxxxx; ++x) xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx(xxxxxx_xxxx<xxx::xxxx_x>(x));
        });
    }
    xxx (xxxx& xx : xxxxxxx) xx.xxxx();
    xxxxxx xxxxxxx.xxxx();
}()
// xxxxxxx  (xxxxxxx xxxx, xxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxx: xx xxxxxx xxxx)

[]{ xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx(x); xxx (xxx x = x; x < xx; ++x) xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx(xxxxxx_xxxx<xxx::xxxx_x>(x)); xxx::xxxxxx<xxxx xxxx> xxxxxx = xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxxx(); xxx::xxxx(xxxxxx.xxxxx(), xxxxxx.xxx()); xxxxxx xxx::xxxxx<xxxx xxxx, xxxx xxxx, xxx::xxxxxx<xxxx xxxx>>(xxxxxxx.xxxx(), xxxxxx_xxxx<xxxx xxxx>(xxxxxx.xxxx()), xxxxxx); }()
// (xx, x, [x, x, x, x])  (xxxxx x..x xxxx x xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx)

xxxxxxxxxxx

• xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxx xx; xx xx x xxxxxxx xxx (x.x xxxxx xx^x) xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx.
• xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxx-xxxx xxx xxxx-xxxx: xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx_xxx, xx xxxxx, xx xxx xxxxx xxxx, xx xxxxxx-xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
• xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxx-xxxxxxxxxx: xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx x xxxxxxx-xxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx, xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx. xxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx-xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxx.
• xxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx, xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx: xx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx-xxxxxx xxxx. xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx; xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx.