Coding
Quant Python

A Dickey-Fuller Statistic by Hand

Premium
Difficulty

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xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx_xxxxxx(xxxxxx), xxxxx xxxxxx xx x xxxx xx xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xx xxxxx x. xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx.

xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xx x xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxx xxx xx xxxx xxxx xx xxxx-xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx. xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxx xx xxxx xxxxx. xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxx x xxxxxxx'x x xxxxx.

xxx xxx xx-xxx xxxxxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx ( x = xxxx{xxx(xxxxxx)} - x ) xxxxxxxxxxx:

[ xxxxx x_x = x + xxxxx , x_{x-x} + x_x, xxxxx x = x, xxxx, x. ]

xxxxxx (xxxxx, x_xxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx_xxx), xxxx xxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxxx:

  • xxxxx xx xxx xxx xxxxx ( xxxxxxxx ).
  • xxxxxxxx_xxx xx ( xxxx{x^x} ) xxxx ( x^x = xxx x_x^x / (x - x) ), xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx.
  • x_xxxxxxxxx xx ( xxxxxxxx ) xxxxxxx xx xxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx ( xxxx{x^x / x_{xx}} ), xxxxx ( x_{xx} = xxx (x_{x-x} - xxx x)^x ) xxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx.

x xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx x xxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx (( x - x xx x )), xxx x xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxx ( x_{xx} = x ) xxx xx xxxxx: xxxxxx (x.x, x.x, x.x) xxx xxxx. xxxx xxx xxx xx xxxxx, xxxxxxxx_xxx xxxxxx xx x.x xxx xxx xxxxx xxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx: xxxxxxxx xxxxx(xxxxxxxx_xxx, x) == x.x, xxxxxx xxxxx xxxx x_xxxxxxxxx x.x xxx xxxxxxxx_xxx x.x. xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx, xx xxxx x xxxxxxxx xx ( xx^{-xx} ) xxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx.

xxx xxxxxxx xxxx: xxxxx xxx xxxx xx x xxxx xxxx (( xxxxx = x )) xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx'x x. xxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx-xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx ( -x.xx ), xx x xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxx. xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx.

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxx_xxxxxx([xx, x, x, x, x, x, x, x, x, x, x, x])
# (-x.xxxxxx, -x.xxxxx, x.xxxxxx)

xxxxxx_xxxxxx([xxx, xxx, xxx, xxx, xxx, xxx, xxx, xxx, xxx, xxx, xxx, xxx])
# (-x.xxxxxx, -x.xxxxxx, x.xxxxxx)

xxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx: xxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx, xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx ( -x.xx ). xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxx, xxx ( -x.xx ) xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxx xxxx.

xxxxxxxxxxx

  • ( x xx xxxx{xxx(xxxxxx)} xx xx^x + x ). xxxxxx xxx xx xxxx xx xxxxxx, xxxxxxxx, xx xxx xxxx xxxx.
  • xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx(xxxxx(x), x).
  • xxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx: xxxx x xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xx x xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx.
  • xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xx x xxxxxxx-xxxxx xxxxxx. xxx xxxxxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xxx x xxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx.

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Language: Python 3.12dickey_fuller

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